Wednesday, September 30, 2009

ancient folks of mithila

Mithila Folk Song
The ClassificationThe most important and common type of lyrical folk songs in Maithili is Tirhuti.It represents the most popular and successful indigenous lyrical expression of Tirhut and is the richest of all classes of Maithili songs.All aspects of love affairs are unfolded therein.They sing of separation as well as of union.The Tirhuti has following classifications:-(I)Batagamani--It portrays the nayika(heroine) in abhisar, when she goes to meet her lover.It is sung out in a melody.Most of the songs are attributed to have been written by Vidyapati.(II)Goalari--It depicts the sports and youthful pranks of Krishna in the companies of Gopis of which poet Nandipati is most successful.(III)Raas--It deals with Krishna'ssportive lilas with Gopis.The most important writer of Ras is Sahebram Das.The influence of Brajabhasa is conspicuously perceptiblein such songs.(IV)Maana--It represents a sort of dramatic lyric depicting the annoyance of the beloved and the request of the lovers to mend matters .Umapati is the best writer of Maana. Other important songs are Samadauni,Lagani,Chaitabara,Malara,Yoga,Uchiti,Sohara,Choumasa and devotional songs like Nachari,Maheshvani,Gosaunik geet and Visnupada. (I)Samadauni:-On the occasion of the Navaratri,it is sung to bid adieu to goddess Durga.It is sung to bid farewell to ones own daughter when she goes to her husband's house after marriage.All important functions end with the singing of this song,popularly known as Bidai song.Gananath Jha and Vindhyanath Jha have made important contributions in this field.(II)Lagani:--It is sung by village women folk in the early hours of morning while grinding grains.The classical type of Lagani embodies 4-5 stanzas.Gananath Jha has used it as a medium of fine poetry.(III)Chaitabar--It represents a class of foik poetry and conveys emotions of love in the month of Chaitra.(March-April) It is also known as Chaiti.(IV)Malara--It is a seasonal song,sung generally in the dry and rainy seasons,having a distinct raga.(V)Yoga--It is sung to bind the bridegroom and thebride,even lover beloved,by divine incantations(VI)Uchiti--It is sung to convey the courtsey of the host to the distinguished visitor.The Yoga and Uchiti are the two peculiar classes of Maithili songs.These two songs have both literary and folk types.The Yoga songs can be traced back to the days of Vidyapati. Sohara,Barahmasa and Choumasa are the familiar types of all vernacular poetry and are found in almost all the languages of Bihar.Sohar represents the birth songs. Barahmasa represents the state of separation during the course of twelve months;Choumasa during the course of four months.These have both literary and folk forms.In Mithila,the ordinary people have to eke out their livlihood with great difficulty and as such long separation from the near and dear ones is a common feature.These songs are the products of such separation and various poets ,now unknown ,composed or contributed to the development of these songs.Nachari indicates songs representing direct prayer to Siva. Mahesvani is a song about Siva. Nachari and Mahesvani are often confused and kept in common parlance but the difference between the two is real and marked.Nachari refers to the estatic dance of Siva whereas Mahesvani is sung in praise of Siva and is addressed to Manain (Menaka, the mother of Gouri).It represents the life of Siva and more specially his marriage.Vidyapati,Lalkavi,Kanharam Das,Chanda Jha and others have composed some of the best Nacharis and Mahesvanis.The Gosaunik geet is sung in praise of Shakti and the people have been composing such songs since the days of Vidyapatis.(Coutesy--Mithila in The Age of Vidyapati by R.K.Choudhary Pp.418-419) Festival of Songs This is the season of festivals in Mithila. After Durga puja this is the festivals of lights - Diwali then Bhratri dwitia, Chitragupta Puja (dawat puja), Godhan (Sukrati), Nav anna, Deo Uthaan and the great legend of Sama Chakeva and Chugla is 'played' by the women and then Chhath, when the sun god is worshipped and is asked to remove all the miseries in life. They remain standing in rivers and ponds, half submerged in water, from the wee hours and wait for Sun to rise, they offer him sweets, sugar cane, beet roots, sweet roots, citrus fruits, banana, milk etc. During this time seasonal folk songs are sung by the women folk of the sweet memory of their father's house i.e. their Naihar, their benevolent and kind brothers who posses all good qualities in the world. This is the time when Sun is worshipped. They observe fast and ask from Sun to fulfill their desire to have son, good health, for their husband, brother and every one in the family & self. Then there is festival of Godhan -the welfare of cattle and those who rear cattle.Some samples of Folk songs :Chhath: J(1)Angana mein pokhri khunayal, chathi maiyya aeithin ayedooara par tamua tanayal, chathi maiyya aeithin ayeanchra sa galia baharab, chathi maiyya aeithin ayekerva aanab daala bheri tei par piayari oodhayab, chathi maiyya aeithin ayehathia par kalsa baisayab, tei par diya dharayab, chathi maiyya aeithin aye(2)Kanchahi baans ker gahabar hey, aahey sobaran lagal kebaartahi ma sa nikuli surujmani hey, aahey kon dai ukham dolaooaragha ker ber bhel hey.biheney key pahar ma domin bitiya heybitiya dhaniya dauriya ley aauaragha ker ber bhel hey.beti piayar supvaa ley aaupurab ranthi thar bhel hey.bihaney ke pahar me baniayan bitiya hey,baniayain navka kasailiya lai aauaragha ker ber bhel hey.bihaney key pahar mey tohi maalin bitiya ,maalin satranga haar ley aau:aragha ker ber bhel hey.bihaney key pahar mey tohi babhan bhaiyya heybaabhaan piayari janeuua ley aauaragha ker ber bhel hey.Sama Chakeva:rSAMA SONGS sama songs are very popular among the Young girls of Mithila.It is an interesting festival and it begins on the seventh day of the bright half of Kartik(November) and ends on Kartik Purnima.These songs describe the pathetic story of Sama.Its origin has been traced to the Padma and theSkanda Puranas.One mischievous Shudra made a false charge of Sama's illicit connection with an ascetic to her father Krishna.Krishna grew furious and cursed her to become a Sama bird.With the help of her brotherSamba she was emancipated on the day of Kartik Purnima.Saptarshi and Vrindaban attested her virtue.Sama's husband was Charuvaktra or Chakeva. The festival is celebrated throughout Mithila with great gusto.Clay toys are made on the occasion and characters are represented by them.The last day is the saddest day when Sama is believed to have left the life of a bird and sent honourably to her husband's home.These songs ridicule the slanderer and praise the brother. This is a very interesting game,where plenty of songs and actions are exhibited. Here are a few songs showing sentiments,emotions and plenty of memories of the chidhood spent at father's house.(Courtesy-A Survey of Maithili Literature--R.K.Choudhary.)(1)Koney bhaiyya aanthin aaler jhaler, koney bhaiyya aanthin patorkoney bhaiyya aanthin sankha churi, koney bhaiyya aanthin sindoorkoney bahino pinhthin aaler jhaler koney bahino pinhthin patorkoney bahina pinhthin sankha churi koney biahino pinhthin sindoorbadka bhaiya aanhthin aaler jhaaler majhla bhaiyya aanhthin patorsainjhla bhaiyya aanhthin sankha churi chhotka bhaiyya aanhthin sindoorbadki bahino pinhthin aaler jhaler manjhli bahino pinhthin patorsainjhli bahino pinhthin sankha churi chhotki bahino pinhthin sindoor(2)Gaam key adhikaari tohen majhlaa bhaiyya hobhaiyya haath das pokhri khunai dehochampa phul lagai deho heyphulwa lorhei ta bahini ghami geli heyaahey gham gelani sir key sindoor naina ker kajar ghamali heychhatwa lana doudal ailkhin badka bhiyya heybaiso bahino eiho judi chhahari ki hamaro key ashish diyokathi bajhayab ban tittir heyaahey kathi bajhayab raja hans chakevajaaley bajhayeb bahino tittir heyaahey raub sa bajhayeb raja hans chakevakhel karu hey bahino khel karu heybhaiyya jhatayal phool bahino haar guthu heyaahey seho haar pinhthin bhaujobahino khel karu hey(3)Chanan birhich tar thath bheli bahino sey falna bahinotaakathi bahino bhai ke batiyaehi baat aauta bhayya sey falna bhaiyyaheydekhi lebinh bhari aankhiyabahinya pasaari janu kanhak hey falna bahinofatat bahino bhai key chatiya(4)Chaur, chaur, chaurhamra bhaiyya kothi chaur.chhaur chhaur chhaurchugla ghar mein chhaurchugla karey chuglibilayyia karey meowchugla key jeebh hamnonch noonch khaun(5)Brindaban ma aagi laageykoi na mijhaavey heyhamar bhaiyya falna bhaiyaadaud daud mijhave hey(6)Sama hey chakeva heynahiraa nai bisraiha heysasura ma puja pai ha heykoral khet mei rahi ha heyjotal khet mei rahi ha heyrangei rang patiya oochhabhi ha heydhepa forhi forhi khai ha heyos pibi pibi rahi ha heyhamar bhai ka aasis diha heyaagila saal pher aaiha hey

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